They can be easily detected in standard papanicolaoustained cytology preparations or with some expertise also in the urine sediment by phase contrast microscopy 12,21,28,31, 41,73,75,82, 95 9697. Reactivation of polyomavirus infection with shedding of infected urothelial cells decoy cells is estimated to occur in 10% to 60% of renal transplant recipients, but clinically significant disease occurs in less than 5%. Decoy definition is a pond into which wildfowl are lured for capture. Each target contains around 200825 decoys, from which all the zhangserver and quark server models have been selected. Urine with large numbers of decoy cells 10cytospin, inflammatory sediments and biopsy proven pvn have been noted to have significantly greater decay in renal function than patients with no evidence of pvn. The decoy cell strategy i cell, which means immunetraining cells has been conceptualized and developed by sorrento scientists utilizing expertise acquired in the. Decoy cells are mostly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients who are treated with immunosuppressive medication in order for their immune system not to reject the foreign transplanted organ. Sorrento launches novel icell covid19 cellular vaccine. The hallmark of the pvbk infection is the presence in the urine of so. Product assortment competition with the decoy e ect. Examination of urine for decoy cells dcs is a useful screening test for polyomavirus pv. With reactivation, pyv disrupt cell cycling mechanisms, facilitating viral replication leading to cell necrosis, exfoliation, and, infrequently, carcinogenesis. Urine was tested for the presence of decoy cells at routine visits. The use of urine cytology to detect the presence of infected decoy cells in the urine has approximately 100% sensitivity for bk virus infection but a low 29%.
A, b two typical polyomavirusinclusion bearing tubular cells decoy cells, as seen using phasecontrast microscopy. The casp10 decoy set is a decoy set generated by itasser and quark for 43 singledomain targets in the casp10 experiment. Pdf urinary decoy cell grading and its clinical implications. The protein shares regions with a membrane protein that the. Decoy cells are virally infected epithelial cells that can be found in the urine. All patients with bkn shed abundant polyomavirus inclusion bearing decoy cells in the urine. Ebola virus uses a protein decoy to subvert the host immune response. Pdf bk polyomavirusinfected decoy cells in urine cytology. Prospective study of polyomavirus type bk replication and.
The clinical features associated with infection of renal transplant patients include asymptomatic infection most common, acute and chronic allograft dysfunction, and hemorrhagic cystitis. The biopsy of the graft confirmed the presence of polyomavirus nephropathy. Structure, function, and bioinformatics, 2011, 79 suppl 10 147160 download the pdf file. Several viruses mediated the emergence of decoy cells, amongst which cytomegalovirus. Background bk polyomavirus is one of the common posttransplant viral infections, affecting. Pdf background bk polyomavirus is one of the common posttransplant viral infections, affecting.
The role of decoy cells in urine cytology in detection of polyomavirus infection in post renal transplant patients three species, bk virus, jc virus and simian virus sv40 causes disease in humans. Decoy cells in the urine due to polyomavirus bk infection. Ebola virus uses a protein decoy to subvert the host. Several viruses mediated the emergence of decoy cells, amongst which cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus. Exfoliated pyvinfected cells pose diagnostic pitfalls, hence they are termed decoy cells as they may mimic highgrade urothelial carcinoma cells. The second morning midstream voided urine specimen is best suited as cellular degeneration interferes with proper interpretation of the first. Milton stewart school of industrial and systems engineering, georgia institute of technology, atlanta, ga 30332. Bkv dna was measured 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation and whenever decoy cells were detected. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction for bk virus dna in the plasma and in the urine was positive. We suggest, however, that a different mechanism may underlie much of the therapeutic action of rituximab in autoimmune diseases. Urine with large numbers of decoy cells 10cytospin, inflammatory sediments and biopsy proven pvn have been noted to have significantly greater decay in renal function than. The finding of decoy cells in the urine indicates the reactivation of a polyomavirus pv within some epithelial cells of the urinary tract. Urinary decoy cell grading and its clinical implications. Product assortment competition with the decoy e ect anton kleywegt, xinchang wang h.
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